US Map Quiz Next Class: All 50, limited word bank The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. The Ghetto: During the Holocaust, the creation of ghettos was a key step in the Nazi process of separating, persecuting, and ultimately destroying Europe's Jews. Walled portions of a city kept Jewish people confined until they were later moved to Concentration Camps (Forced Labor and Death Camps). The Final Solution The origin of the "Final Solution," the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish people, remains uncertain. What is clear is that the genocide of the Jews was the culmination of a decade of Nazi policy, under the rule of Adolf Hitler. The "Final Solution" was implemented in stages. After the Nazi party rise to power, state-enforced racism resulted in anti-Jewish legislation, boycotts, "Aryanization," and finally the "Night of Broken Glass" pogrom, all of which aimed to remove the Jews from German society. After the beginning of World War II, anti-Jewish policy evolved into a comprehensive plan to concentrate and eventually annihilate European Jewry. Infamous Nazi's: Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945), Hitler's trusted friend and colleague, was the minister for public enlightenment and propaganda. In this capacity, Goebbels was charged with presenting Hitler to the public in the most favorable light, regulating the content of all German media and fomenting anti-Semitism. Goebbels forced Jewish artists, musicians, actors, directors and newspaper and magazine editors into unemployment, and staged a public burning of books that were considered ”un-German.” He also spearheaded the production of Nazi propaganda films and other projects. Goebbels remained in this post and was loyal to Hitler until the end of World War II (1939-45). On May 1, 1945, the day after Hitler committed suicide, Goebbels and his wife poisoned their six children and then killed themselves. Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) was the Reich Leader (Reichsführer) of the dreaded SS of the Nazi party from 1929 until 1945. Himmler presided over a vast ideological and bureaucratic empire that defined him for many—both inside and outside the Third Reich—as the second most powerful man in Germany during World War II. Given overall responsibility for the security of the Nazi empire, Himmler was the key and senior Nazi official responsible for conceiving and overseeing implementation of the so-called Final Solution, the Nazi plan to murder the Jews of Europe. Joseph Mengele (16 March 1911 – 7 February 1979) was second only to Eichmann as a target of Nazi hunters, the doctor nicknamed the Angel of Death conducted macabre experiments among the prisoners at the Auschwitz death camp. An SS officer, Mengele was sent at the start of World War II to the eastern front to repel the Soviets and received an Iron Cross for his bravery and service. After being wounded and declared unfit for active duty, he was assigned to the Auschwitz death camp. There, he used the prisoners—particularly twins, pregnant women and the disabled—as human guinea pigs. Mengele even tortured and killed children with his medical experiments. Rudolf Hess (born April 26, 1894, Alexandria, Egypt—died August17, 1987, Spandau Prison, West Germany), German Nazi Party member who was Adolf Hitler’s deputy as party leader. He created an international sensation when in 1941 he secretly flew to Great Britain on an abortive self-styled mission to negotiate a peace between Britain and Germany. Hermann Goering Born in Germany in 1893, Hermann Göring was a leader of the Nazi Party. He played a prominent role in organizing the Nazi police state in Germany and established concentration camps for the "corrective treatment" of individuals. Indicted by the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg in 1946, Göring was condemned to hang as a war criminal, but he took cyanide the night he was to be executed. Adolf Eichman was born on March 19, 1906, in Solingen, Germany, Adolf Eichmann joined the Nazi party in 1932, rising quickly through the ranks of the Nazi SS-Obersturmbannführer as he traveled through Nazi-controlled territory in search of Jewish populations. During his trial, Eichmann held firmly that he was just following orders. He was executed by the state of Israel in 1962, in Ramla, Isreal, for his role as coordinator of logistics for "the final solution to the Jewish question." Reinhard Heydrich in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germany—died June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinreich Himmler’s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the opening years of World War II. Assignment: Concentration Camp Research: Find a blue print of a Nazi concentration camp. Compare and contrast it to the Japanese Internment Camps in the United States. How were people transported to the concentration camps? What was "The Final Solution"? What was the difference between being told to go right or left? Describe the treatment of the prisoners in the concentration camps and how this was different from the internment camps. Due at the end of the block. Turn into ebackpack. Create a 10 Slide Keynote--5 slides pictures, 5 slides text (3 sentences per slide). Cite sources.
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